Racism in European Football Global Campaigns to Eliminate...

Football as it is know outside North America (Soccer) is among the most ubiquitous and beloved sport in the world. The worldwide audience for the FIFA World Cup typically exceeds 1 billion, and hundreds of thousands of spectators flock to watch their countries team participate. One of the fundamental concerns surrounding the game today revolves around the prolonged occurrence of racism, especially racial abuse to players by fans. Omi and Winant (1994) have identified, elements of racism with a strong correlation relating to sport, such as ‘temperament, athletic ability and sexuality. Given its recent history of anti-racist activity, English football is often cited as a figurehead example of challenging racism through popular culture and†¦show more content†¦The European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC) found that 10% of Internet sites managed by football fans expressed ‘racist, anti-Semitic and xenophobic views’. The report revealed that Italian and Spanish sites were more prone to racism, followed by German, Swiss, Austrian and British sites. (Balestri and Grasselli, 2002). In addition, new forms of social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, have offered an additional stage for the racial harassment of players from different ethnic backgrounds With the growth of technology, and an increase of non-white players from much different ethnical background, football is an easy target for racial slur. Futhermore, we see more racial actions inside the grounds of football clubs. Kassimeris, 2008 agrees by saying the conclusion seems inescap- able that football grounds provide one of the largest public arenas in which racism can be openly expressed. Just recently Dani Alves Barcelona FC defender was taking a corner kick when he had a banana thrown at him. He reacted to having a banana thrown by peeling it and then taking a bite. Former Barcelona striker Gary Lineker praised Alves. Picked it up, peeled it, ate it and proceeded to take the corner, he tweeted. Top response. The ex-England striker added: Utterly brilliant reaction from Alves. Treat the racist berk with complete disdain! (BBC Sport, 2014.) More drastic action has been noted when Kevin-Prince Boateng, fedShow MoreRelatedStrategic Analysis of Nike8813 Words   |  36 Pa gesHurley International LLC  designs, markets and distributes action sports and youth lifestyle footwear, apparel and accessories * Umbro  designs, distributes and licenses athletic and casual footwear, apparel and equipment, primarily for the sport of football (soccer) * Nike Golf  designs and markets golf equipment, apparel, balls, footwear, bags and accessories * Jordan Brand  designs and markets premium footwear, apparel and accessories inspired by the dynamic legacy, vision and direct involvementRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesspecific point of disagreement that inspires someone to present an argument. The argument’s conclusion favors one side of the issue over the other. topic The general area of the issue. If the issue is whether Americans prefer southern European food to northern European food, then the topic might be American taste preferences. weigh the pros and cons In deciding on taking an action, you weigh the pros and cons by looking at alternative actions that can be taken, then considering the probable good Read MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagestelecommunications. This shift has meant that some organizations have had to reduce the number of employees, while others have had to attract and retain employees with different capabilities than previously were needed. Additionally, pressures from global competitors have forced many U.S. firms to close facilities, adapt their management practices, and increase productivity and decrease labor costs in order to become more competitive. Finally, the explosive growth of information technology, particularly

New Developments in Management Accounting - 2268 Words

â€Å"The past 15 years have seen a series of new developments within Management Accounting to meet the ever changing needs of the organisation in the light of rapidly changing technologies†. The following will focus on new techniques and developments used in Management Accounting over the last 15 years, by looking at their origins and apparent necessity leading to their introduction within industry. Each development will be assessed individually providing its background, initiation, impact on the business environment and numerical examples of them in action, where appropriate. The developments will be Activity Based Costing (ABC), Throughput accounting (TA) and Just in Time (JIT). Activity Based Costing ABC is a developed costing system†¦show more content†¦Next the ‘cost driver’ needs to be established for each activity, commonly looked upon as the reason for the indirect cost to occur and be linked to the job, almost a variable cost of sorts, however it won’t necessarily be variable, it maybe semi-variable, either way it is seen as the major cause of the cost being incurred. Finally the finishing costs are assigned to activities based on the products demand per each activity, the higher the demand, the higher the cost. Here is an example of ABC in action: ABC Example COST CENTRE COSTS 250000 BROKEN DOWN INTO: VOLUME  £60,000 PURCHASING  £130,000 SET-UP  £60,000 ADDITIONAL INFO DIRECT LABOUR HOURS  £25,000 TOTAL PURCHASE ORDERS  £5,000 TOTAL NUMBER OF SET-UPS  £600 TOTAL MACHINE HOURS  £50,000 PER PURCHASE ORDER PLACED  £26 PER SET-UP  £100 PER VOLUME  £1.20 Therefore with product XYZ, we can allocate the indirect overheads like this: Basic information could be: MACHINE HOURS 100 LABOUR 150 SET-UPS 1 PURCHASE ORDERS 25 The overhead is made up of 3 aspects Purchase Order + Set-up + Productivity / volume Purchase order 25 X  £26 =  £650 Set-up 1 X  £100 =  £100 Productivity / volume 100 X  £1.20 =  £120  £870 Therefore total indirect overhead recoveredShow MoreRelatedResearch on the Influence of Informatization1698 Words   |  7 Pages 1 Research on The Influence of Informatization On The Accounting Theories and Practices and Real-time Control in China Yang Lu Fairleigh Dickinson University RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATIZATION 2 Abstract The 21st century is an information age of rapid development and the computer is more and more widely used in every country. 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The Natives of New World Free Essays

Before the New World was discovered by Christopher Columbus, it was a land inhabited by tribes who have sun-kissed red skin. Even before America was recognized as the home of free white men, it was the American Indians who cultivated and tilled its land. The Native Americans – as most people refer them – have been essential in tracing the origins of the United States of America. We will write a custom essay sample on The Natives of New World or any similar topic only for you Order Now Europe had been conquering colonies to increase empiric power and accumulate rich resources. The only discovered areas at that time were called the â€Å"Old World† which included Europe, Africa, and Asia (Robertson, Stewart 51). A notable Italian sea-farer had been working on a new route to travel to Asia in a shorter time. Christopher Columbus thought of sailing west to be able to reach the east, an idea no one ever dared to consider. After many difficulties that he encountered in pursuing the voyage, Columbus landed on a fertile soil greeted by inhabitants which he recognized neither as Asians nor Africans. The natives were illustrated to have a complexion resembling the color of copper. Their physical attributes were further described as such: Their black hair, long and uncurled, floated upon their shoulders, or was bound in tresses around their heads. They had no beards, and every part of their bodies was perfectly smooth†¦Their features singular, rather than disagreeable†¦though not tall, they were well-shaped and active. Their faces, and several parts of their body, were fantastically painted with glaring colors. (71) They were gathered in tribes and were not clothed at that time. The natives were practically astonished by the arrival of the white-skinned settlers. The American Indians were believed to have migrated to the western hemisphere using the Bering land bridge. The land bridge connected a path from Siberia all the way to Alaska. Apparently, this bridge was used by the natives to follow the trend of the journey of animals during the ice age (Utter 7). By the time they reached the land, tribes settled and established their homes. Native American tribes were grouped according to blood-relations living in the same territory and spoke a common dialect (57). Each tribe has its own system of governing members for the purpose of survival and warfare. Tribes have existed even before the Europeans set foot on their land. By the time Christopher Columbus reached the Americas, Native American tribes greeted him and his people, with anxiety and curiosity. After the discovery of the New World, colonizers started flocking to the new land. Migrants from Europe traveled to America to start a new life and to conquer the rich untouched soil. Due to this massive influx of migrants, it started inflicting effects that endangered the natives. Epidemic diseases brought by the foreigners caused deaths among the American Indians. These diseases such as chickenpox and pneumonia did not prepare the natives to be immune from it (Thornton 28). This greatly reduced the number of Native American population during the time of colonization because of massive number of deaths. The era of conquest took the natives’ land and grabbed what wealth they have. Aside from this, they never escaped the commerce of slavery, sexual exploits and discrimination. In later years, the natives were forced to study and learned how to live like the white people. They were taught not to speak of their native language and to learn English and institutions were built for acculturation of the Caucasian culture (Nagel 115). These kinds of exploits and abuse prompted the natives to fight off the colonizers. They maybe outnumbered by the whites and their weapons were not a match against the pistols but they made sure they have defended themselves. These uprisings were known as the ‘Indian Wars’. It became the label for the fight against the natives, to completely eradicate their culture and identity from the New World (Utter 169). Before the acculturation happened, the lifestyle of the American Indians was as unique as their physical characteristics. Their spiritual life was governed by what they call ‘The Great Spirit. ’ The American Indians saw this spirit as the bearer of their good fortune. They give thanks to this supreme deity when they win battles, good harvest, and good health. On the contrary, they also have a spirit which was a counterpart of the Great one where bad luck was mostly associated (McIntosh 104). The natives hunted animals to be able to live and hunting not just became a necessity but also part of recreation. Hunting became a sport among the natives. By the time the settlers came, horses were re-introduced to them. They domesticated this animal and became part of their everyday lives. From carrying belongings, to hunting games as well as waging wars, horses became a huge part of the Native American society (Fuss Mellis 9). American Indians were described as lively people who enjoyed celebrations such as feasts. They prepared feasts for almost every major activity in their tribes. Feasts were accompanied with lively music, dancing, and prayers. These are celebrated after a hunting trip, in marriage, after curing the sick, after birth, and in funerals (McIntosh 164). The natives always incorporated their spirituality in these celebrations and this made the mark of their identity and culture. They have long been discriminated in their land and colonizers have tried to erase their culture in the New World. However, as time went by, American Indians still fought for the right to have their very own place in the land they once called their own. They fought to have freedom when it comes to religion and practicing their culture. The natives also strived to gain tribal sovereignty (Josephy, Nagel, Johnson 7). This fight for freedom took centuries for it to become part of a recognized set of laws. In 1975, the Self-Determination Act became one of the first laws that focused on giving the American Indians sovereignty within their own tribes (7). It can be said that this fight that the natives did, opened the doors for anti-discrimination movements. This inspired other minorities like the African Americans and other colored race to be treated equally as citizens. Theses minorities wanted to be citizens that have the same rights and privileges with the Whites. The struggle of the American Indians can be seen as a starting point for America to be known as the land of the free. Through the course of history, they have suffered and were persecuted in their own land. Their struggle for freedom became the bearer for other minorities to gain confidence in fighting for their right as well. If not for this struggle, America won’t recognize the essence of freedom with the absence of discrimination. America won’t be able to take pride in the land that they claimed to be free. How to cite The Natives of New World, Papers